Hem Paudel
English 102
IMRaD vs. Academic Research Report
IMRaD is a form of writing that is commonly used for "scientific" research papers. The mnemonic
stands for Introduction, Methods, Research, and Discussion. It is also known as APA format.
The main differences between IMRaD and an academic research report is in the form and style of
writing. As mentioned earlier, IMRaD uses APA format, while most academic research reports use
MLA format. The IMRaD format usually includes and introduction and title, a review of background
information (information you already know and have not researched), a method in which you
describe how you got the information, results from your method, limitations on the research design
material, and conclusion, notes, works cited, and appendices.
IMRaD is a more defined version of the IBC (Introducion, Body, Conclusion) format used for all
academic writing. You would choose this writing over and Academic Research Report when
providing scientific evidence or support a claim.
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